Epithalon
Epithalon, also known as Epitalon (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly), is a pineal-derived synthetic peptide that has been the subject of extensive research in cellular aging, telomere science, and regulatory peptide biology. A seminal in vitro study demonstrated that Epithalon induces significant telomerase activity and telomere elongation in human somatic cells. Treated fibroblasts exhibited activation of the telomerase catalytic subunit and extended telomere length beyond the standard Hayflick limit, indicating potential for extended cellular lifespan (Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation, Revolution Health & Wellness, Ingenta Connect, PubMed). Research in animal models and human cohorts has revealed that Epithalon may support pineal gland function and melatonin production, which frequently declines with age. In aged primates and elderly participants, treatment with this peptide was associated with normalized melatonin synthesis and improved circadian rhythm regulation (ResearchGate, PubMed). Additional studies have explored its antioxidant and immune-supportive effects. In aging oocyte models, Epithalon increased antioxidant enzyme activity (such as superoxide dismutase), reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS), and preserved cellular morphology, suggesting protective effects against oxidative stress in aging cells (Aging-US). Epithalon’s compact tetrapeptide structure and chemical stability make it well-suited for laboratory investigations across in vitro and in vivo systems, including research on DNA stability, immune aging, sleep modulation, and cellular senescence pathways.